Vibratory motion producing apparatus



Jan. 26, 1943.

L. M. DE KANSKI 2,309,171 VIBRATORY MOTIONPRODUCING APPARATUS FiledSept. 9, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR.

L EON M. DE KANSKI FIG. 3. BY

WM-M

1943- L. M. DE KANSK] 2,309,171

VIBRATORY MOTION PRODQCING APPARATUS Filed Sept. 9, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet2 INVENTOR. LEON M. DEKANSKI BY Patented Jan. 26, 1943 VIBRATORY MOTIONPRODUCING APPARATUS Leon M. De Kanskl, Milan, Italy ApplicationSeptember 9, 1938, Serial No. 229,226 In Italy September 25, 1937 13Claims.

The present invention relates to an arrangement which is able to producepersistent mechanical oscillations of variable direction and intensity,to be applied to vibrating screens, vibrating separators, vibratingconveyors or to other cases where a harmonic or non-harmonic vibrationof known and controllable direction, frequency and amplitude is to beobtained.

Theoretically the arrangement is built up from two masses bound togetherby resilient means which form a conservative oscillating circuit.

,, The features of uch an oscillating system include the fact that theoscillation of the masses is possible with extremely low powerconsumption, provided that the impulses from the motor occur inresonance with the natural frequency of the system. The vibrating energytravels between the two masses and the resilient medium and changesperiodically from kinetic to potential, without leaving the systemexcept for the slight friction loss. Thus no vibration is transmitted tothe supporting structure on which the machine embodying the system maybe suspended by means of relatively soft springs. This dynamic systemincluding two resiliently interconnected vibrating masses or bodies isherein called a resonance vibrating system.

The various objects and features of the invention will be more apparentfrom a consideration of the accompanying drawings and the followingdescription wherein several exemplary embodi-' ments of the inventionare disclosed.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing one form of the vibrating meansassociated with a screening sieve, for adjusting the direction ofvibration in one plane.

Fig. 2 is a cross-section through the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a side view of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view showing another form of the vibrating meansassociated with a screen, and means for adjusting the direction ofvibration in more than one plane.

Fig. 5 is a detail side view of the vibrating means shown in theembodiment of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a top view of the device shown in Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is another form of vibrating means that can be substituted forthe one shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 6.

Figs. 1, 2 and 3 show a construction employing the dynamical principleapplied to screens, conveyors or the like. An unbalanced shaft b rotatesin the bearings 12 and has at the end a pulley p. Bearings v areconnected by means of lamelled springs c, to a spider or adjustableframe portion d. 'The sieve, consisting of the frame a with screens 1',has a horizontal pipe e fixedly mounted in the frame a, through whichpipe extends the shaft b. The spiders d are shown to be adjustably fixedon the pipe e as indicated by set screws d, and they are angularlyadjustable in any position thus determining the direction of theoscillations which occur in a sense normal to the lamelled springs c andin the plane passing through the axis of the shaft b. In this case theoscillations are due to the centrifugal force of the eccentric weight mof the shaft b. Whereas in this embodiment the pipe e is indicated to bepermanently fixed in the frame a, and the spiders d are adjustably fixedon the pipe e, it should be understood that vice versa the spiders dmight be considered fixed on the pipe e which latter could be maderotatably adjustable relative to the frame a. or else adjustabilitycould be provided between the pipe e and the frame a as well as betweenthe spiders d and the pipe 6. The screen frame a is shown to besuspended by four springs I attached to studs t. ment the spiders d areangularly adjustable relative to thescreeu about an axis passingsubstantially through the center of gravity of the screen and extendingco-axial with the axis of gyration of the unbalanced mass m. The path ofvibration described by the screen in this embodiment and due to theconstruction of the springs shown, will not be a true straight line, butslightly elliptic, that is to say in the form of a long and very narrowellipse, the long axis of which is substantially representative of whatis herein considered to be the direction of vibration. Rotation isimparted to the shaft 17 by means of a belt, not shown, driving thepulley p. In this embodiment the resonance vibrating system comprisesthe screen frame as a. first body or mass, while the bearings v togetherwith the unbalanced shaft b substantially constitute the second body ofthe resonance vibrating system.

Fig. 4 shows a vibrating screen unit operating on the same dynamicprinciple as the embodiment of Fig. 1. However, instead of beingadjustable in only one plane, the direction of vibration in theembodiment of Fig. 4 is adjustable in more than one plane. That is tosay, there is provided upon the screen an annular structure or ring kupon which in turn a vibrating unit, for instance of type shown in Figs.5 and 6 or of the type shown in Fig. 7, can be mounted. It will be seenthat the vibrating unit is adjustable upon the ring is about a verticalaxis by way of the holes is in the ring it, and the fastening bolts orstirrups q onthe vibrating unit. The vibrating unit is furthermoreadjustable about a horizontal axis, namely the axis of the pivots n ofthe vibrating unit, and the pivots n can be fixed with respect to thestirrup members q and thereby with respect to the annular frame struc-In this emboditure is by suitable means indicated by way of set'sorewsq.

Figs. 5 and 6 show detail views of the vibrating unit mounted on thering k in Fig. 4. The unit comprises a weight w made of only one piece,connected with a frame :1 by means of four bundles of flexible springsc, the ends of which are fixed to deformable plates h forming a portionof the frame. This unit may be arranged as above explained, in anydirection with regard to the operating machine, by mounting it on aframe as illustrated in Fig. 4. Within the said vibratory body disposedbetween them, the

weight w is provided a straight-line vibrating head of the cylinder, theone is unitary with the weight w, and the other is unitary by means of astem 1, with the frame d. A connection I is shown on the weight b,whereby a fluid pressure medium can be introduced to operate theVibration inducing device or vibrating motor.

Fig. 7 shows an embodiment of a vibrating unit that can be substitutedfor the one shown in Figs. 5 and 6, and mounted on the ring 70 as inFig. 4. It comprises the frame d and pivots 11 similar to thecorresponding parts in Figs 5 and 6. The weight w has a pressure fluidoperated vibrating motor and a pressure fluid connection 1' and a stem Zcorresponding to similar parts in Figs. 5 and 6. In distinction fromFigs. 5 and 6, the unit in Fig. '7 is provided with coil springs 0instead of with flat springs.

Although the disclosure of this invention (with reference to Figs. 4, 5,6 and 7) is not limited to any particular type of vibration producingmeans, and mainly outlines the advantages of the vibrating system asdefined above, it is noteworthy to 12 .int out that this system (withreference to the embodiment shown in Figs. 4,6, 6

and '7) will provide particular advantages if used with a straight-linevibrator.

By straight-line vibrator is meant a vibrating motor producing arectilinear reciprocation. Fluid pressure motors are in this category,and they may for example be of the kind that is operated by compressedair. In this general category also are electromagnetic and internalcombustion motors.

The combination of the vibrating system as shown in Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 7,with a. straight-line vibrator will provide the further advantage ofrelatively lowest power consumption if the control means for the motor,that is, valves in case of fluid pressure motors and electric contactsprise a compensatory member for supporting one end of the spring on saidfirst body, which member is deformable in a direction normal to that ofthe vibrations, and substantially unyielding in direction of thevibrations.

2. In a vibratory'apparatus, in combination a vibratory body, a pair offlexion springs having intermediateportions of said springs beingoperatively connected with saidvibratory body,

and a frame structure comprising a relatively rigid portion, and a pairof relatively more elastic compensatory portions to which the respectiveends of said springs are attached, which compensatory portions aredeformable in a direction normal to that of the vibrations andsubstantially unyielding in the direction of'the vibrations incident tothe flexing of said springs.

3. In a vibratory apparatus, in combination a vibratory body, two pairsof flexion springs, each pair having a portion of said vibratory bodydisposed between thein, and having their intermediate portionsoperatively connected with said vibratory body, and a frame structurecomprising a relatively rigid portion surrounding said vibratory body,and a pair of relatively more elastic com-' pensatory portions to whichthe respective ends of said springs are attached, which compensatoryportions are deformable in a direction normal to that of the vibrationsand substantially unyieldingin the direction of the vibrations incidentto the flexing of said springs.

4. Vibratory apparatus comprising as a system a first vibratory body, asecond vibratory body, resilient means operatively interconnecting saidvibratory bodies and deformable in accordance with the direction ofvibratory movement of said bodies towards and away from one another,vibration-inducing means associated with the second body, means forfioatingly supporting said system, and adjustable structural meansinterposed between said resilient means and the first body andconstituting with said second body and said resilient means a unitarystructure adjustable as such with respect to the first body for varyingthe direction of vibration of one body with respect to the other, saidadjustable means comprising a frame structure having a pair of pivotswhereby it is angularly adjustable in a plane relative to said firstbody, and an additional frame interposed between the first mentionedframe and said first body, and means for adjusting said first mentionedframe upon said additional frame in another plane relative to said tem afirst vibratory body, a second vibratory.

in case of electro-magnetic motors, be controlled directly by the twomasses.

With this arrangement the vibrating system will automatically operatesubstantially at its natural frequency, under which conditions thesystem will require the minimum energy to maintain a given amplitude.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my saidinvention and in whatmanner the same is to be performed, I declare thatwhat I claim is:

1. In a vibratory apparatus, in combination a first vibratory body, asecond vibratory body, a flexion spring having its intermediate portionoperatively connected with the second vibratory body, means for mountingeach end of said spring upon said first vibratory body, which meanscomfirst body.

5. Vibratory apparatus comprising as a sysbody, resilient meansoperatively interconnecting said vibratory bodies and deformable inaccordance with the direction of vibratory movement of said bodiestowards and away from one an other, vibration-inducing means associatedwith I the second body, means for floatingly supporting said system, andadjustable structural means interposed between said resilient means andthe body relative to the first body in more than one plane, each ofwhich is fixed with respect to the first body.

6. Vibratory apparatus comprising as a system a first vibratory body, asecond vibratory body, resilient means operatively interconnecting saidvibratory bodies and deformable in accordance with the direction ofvibratory movement of said bodies towards and away from one another, vi-

bration-inducing means associated with the second body, means forfloatingly supporting said system, and adjustable structural meansinterposed bctween said resilient means and the first body andconstituting with said second body and said resilient means a unitarystructure adjustable as such with respect to thefirst body for varyingthe direction of vibration of one body with respect to the other, saidvibration-inducing means comprising a rotary unbalanced mass, theadjustable means comprising a frame angularly adjustable relative to thefirst body about an axis passing subtantially through the center ofgravity of both bodies and substantially coaxial with the axis ofgyration of said unbalanced mass.

7. Vibratory apparatus comprising as a system a first vibratory body, asecond vibratory body, resilient means operatively interconnecting saidvibratory bodies and deformable in accordance with the direction ofvibratory movement of said bodies towards and away from one another,vibration-inducing means associated with the second body, means forfloatingly supporting said system, and adjustable structural meansinterposed between said resilient means and the first body andconstituting with said second body and said resilient means a unitarystructure adjustable as such with respect to the first body for varyingthe direction of vibration of one body with respect to the other, thesaid vibrationinducing means comprising an unbalanced rotary mass, saidadjustable means comprising a frame rotatably adjustable with respect tothe first body, the resilient means comprising a fiexion spring the endsof which are attached to said adjustable frame, and the intermediateportion of which operatively supports said rotary unbalanced mass. g

8. Vibratory apparatus comprising as a system a first vibratory body, asecond vibratory body, resiiientnreans operatively interconnecting saidvibratory bodies and deformable in accordance with the direction ofvibratory movement of said bodies towards and away from one another,vibration-inducing means associated with the second body, means forfioatingly supporting said system, and adjustable structural meansinterposed between said resilient means and the first body andconstituting with said second body and said resilient means a unitarystructure adjustable as such with respect to the first body for varyingthe direction of vibration of one body with respect to the other, saidadjustable means comprising a frame extending across the first body, theresilient means comprising two units disposed at respective opposedsides of said first body and mounted upon corresponding ends of saidframe, the second body comprising an ele ment also extending across saidfirst body, each end of said element being operatively interconnectedwith a corresponding adjacent end of said frame by way of saidrespective resilient units.

9. Vibratory apparatus comprising as a system a first vibratory body, asecond vibratory body, resilient means operatively interconnecting saidvibratory bodies and deformable in accordance with the direction ofvibratory movement of said bodies towards and away from one another,vibration-inducing means associated with the second body, means forfloatingly supporting said system, and adjustable structural meansinterposed between said resilient means and the first body andconstituting with said second body and said resilient means aunitarystructure adjustable as such with respect to the first body forvarying the direction of vibration of one body with respect to theother, said vibration-inducing means comprising an unbalanced rotor,said adjustable means comprising a frame portion disposed at each end ofsaid rotor and rotatably adjustable with respect to the, first body andsubstantially coaxially wtih said rotor, a hollow cylindrical membersurrounding said rotor, upon the respective ends of which hollow membersaid frame portions are mounted, the resilient means being operativelydisposed between each frame portion and the adjacent end portion of therotor.

10. Vibratory apparatus embodying a fioatingly supported resonancevibrating system, comprising a first vibratory body, body comprising apair of bearings and an unbalanced shaft, the respective end portions ofwhich are rotatably supported by said bearings, and resilient energystoring means connecting each bearing with the first body, whichresilient means are deformable substantially in the direction of thevibrations of the said system, said resilient means comprising a curvedflexure spring the ends of which are attached to said first body, andthe intermediate portion of which spring is connected with therespective bearing,

11. Vibratory apparatus embodying a floatingly supported resonancevibrating system, comprising a first vibratory body, a second vibratorybody comprising a pair of bearings and an unbalanced shaft, therespective end portions of which are rotatably supported by saidbearings, and resilient energy storing means connecting each bearingwith the first body, which resilient means are deformable substantiallyin the direction of the vibrations of the said system, said resilientmeans comprising a pair of curved flexure springs straddling said shaft,the ends of which springs are attached to said first body, and theintermediate portions of which springs are connected with the respectivebearing,

12. Vibratory apparatus comprising as a float ingly supported system, afirst vibratory body, a second vibratory body, a. fiexion spring havingits intermediate portion operatively connected with the second vibratorybody and constituting therewith a rotatably adjustable unit, means formounting each end of said spring upon said first body, which meanscomprise a compensatory member for supporting one end of the spring withrespect to said first body, said memberbeing deformable in a directionsubstantially normal to that of the vibrations, and substantiallyunyielding in the direction of the vibrations incident to the flexing ofsaid spring, and means for rotatable adjustment of said unit withrespect to the first body.

13. Vibratory apparatus embodying a floatingly supported resonancevibrating system, comprising a first vibratory body, a second vibratorybody comprising a pair of bearings and an unbalanced shaft therespective end portions of which are rotatably supported by saidbearings, and resilient energy storing means connecting each bearingwith the first body, which resilient means are deformable substantiallyin the direction of the vibrations of said system.

LEON M. DE KANSKI.

a second vibratory

